Section 48 (last updated 02.17.2021)
The recognition of an indefinite amount of parallel durations, the instantaneous spaces of a given time system, of durations of “0 temporal thickness”, indicated by roots of immediate approximations. each such instantaneous space represents the ideal of nature at an instance, also a moment of time, each time system also possess an aggregate of moments belonging to it alone. Each event particle only exists at one, and only one, time system. An event particle has three characteristics; first, it’s extrinsic character, which is its character as a definite root of convergence among other events, the moment of change. Second, it’s intrinsic character, which is the peculiar quality of nature in its neighbour, the character of the physical field in the neighbourhood, how the environment it belongs to look as constituting it. And third, it’s position, the position arises out of the aggregates of moments.
The object in its completeness is a specific set of correlated modifications of the character of all events. This is unlike the normal sense of the word “object” which in practice means the physical objects like “bits of matter, molecules and electrons”. an object of one of these types has relations to events other than those belonging to the stream of its situation. The fact of its situation within this steam has impressed upon other events certain modifications of their characters.
(see slab of nature ) an ‘event particle’
“Accordingly they express for us the demands of an ideal accuracy, and of an ideal simplicity in the exposition of relations. These event-particles are the ultimate elements of the four-dimensional space-time manifold which the theory of relativity presupposes. You will have observed that each event-particle is as much an instant of time as it is a point of space. I have called it an instantaneous point-flash. Thus in the structure of this space-time manifold space is not finally discriminated from time, and the possibility remains open for diverse modes of discrimination according to the diverse circumstances of observers. It is this possibility which makes the fundamental distinction between the new way of conceiving the universe and the old way. The secret of understanding relativity is to understand this. It is of no use rushing in with picturesque paradoxes, such as ‘Space caught bending,’ if you have not mastered this fundamental conception which underlies the whole theory.” (174)
only as an activity disclosed as a discrete duration of instantaneous event experience.
convex the boundary between the interaction of the spacetime continuum with the contradiction of the universal and particular time and space.
The boundary between the individual and the universal or thought and object, or observer and phenomena, is their interaction between separated by a difference in time held together by space points blind from each other.
(Add Mars example here whitehead)
What appears to be one position of space from one moment in time is a different dimension of space from another moment of time. This means that the moment that is the present for the individual, which is the conception being situated within and from a particular object, is at the same time the future of that individual from a universal conception, which is the conception disclosing a set of distinct and related objects. The universal therefore super imposes the future event as the present of the individual, while the individual undergoes the present moment so that to solidify the past for the universal. The universal presupposed the past in order to determine the future.
Schrödinger cat is split dimension between mind and body as interaction of the future to the past.
Common intuitions about the “Schrödinger cat” thought experiment reduces the theory to an explanation about pairs of opposite possibilities that when one possibility is a reality the other one is not and vice versa. Quantum inclinations of this phenomenon assert the more fundamental claim that during a discrete magnitude of an instantaneous point flash in time, different possibilities of events constitute simultaneous instances of spatially entangled particles against each other. Since events are not objects in the sense of items occupying 3-dimensional space, events are themselves the first dimensional conceptions projected onto and paralleling a second dimension to form the duration of a congruent activity. Schrödinger says:
“It is typical of these cases that an indeterminacy originally restricted to the atomic domain becomes transformed into macroscopic indeterminacy, which can then be resolved by direct observation. That prevents us from so naively accepting as valid a “blurred model” for representing reality. In itself, it would not embody anything unclear or contradictory. There is a difference between a shaky or out-of-focus photograph and a snapshot of clouds and fog banks.”
What we perceive as a smooth transition of one event continuing to the other is derived from an environment inheriting an underlying rigidity between form and matter. When Aristotle makes this distinction between form and matter, he is outlining two dimensions overlapping each other to form the same conception. (Add example outline of a circle and its content like a colour) the difference between form and matter pointed out by Aristotle is really the same difference between mind and object. These differences are the changes of an activity due to the interplay of different moments in time.
What it means for an event to change into another event on some level relates to the environment in which an organism is interacting within. The distinction between organism and environment is not so finely distinct and what we think as the body of an organism acting within a certain habitat constitutes an environment for other organisms. For example skin surface is host to bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Staphylococcus spp., form communities that are deeply intertwined among themselves and other microorganisms. The change of an event is on some level determined by a change in the position, location and arrangement of an environment.
(Add to series of events)
Schrödinger cat
the conception of spacetime is a mirroring effect, Hegel calls it reflection and modern science today has the example of the “Schrödinger cat” to demonstrate the complex concept of “quantum superposition”:
At a quantum state, which is a potential state defined by an uncertainty, the cat is both dead and alive. In other words when not looking the cat is in a condition of both states. The quantum conclusion is that this is not only theoretically true, but it is physically true, the cat is both dead and alive at the same time. Now of course we make the conclusion that to be alive the cat is active and dead the cat is inactive, but more generally the cat is in both a state of degeneration and generation, it is loosing molecules and gaining them at an infinite rate in a minute state.
The reason it is an inaccuracy to suppose the conclusion that the cat is both dead and alive in the sense of active versus in active is because being alive is not comparable to being dead, as they are not the same states. A more comparable variation are the moments of birth and death because both of these are moments of rather instances where in birth the thing is alive to continuity being itself for a definite period of time, whereas death is the point it is no longer itself and is an other.
Being alive is incomparable to death because it is a continuity of a set of events related in a sequence, whereas death is just one event. We cannot say the cat is both dead and alive because being alive entails a continuous spectrum whereas death is a point which is either but not both, either being or not being but not both, whereas being alive involves if and or.
“counterintuitive nature of quantum superpositions, in which a quantum system such as an atom or photon can exist as a combination of multiple states corresponding to different possible outcomes.”
(Add singularity) Einstein’s early proponents of Quantum mechanics suggest that there is an instantaneous effect when an atom reaches the limit of a singularity. The singularity is the moment of uncertainty forming the systematic relation of the spacetime manifold in the atom. This means that an atom is the sum set of an integral moments of change known as events. Events are the fundamental form of constantly changing, appearing and reappearing, patterns of instant opposing determinations of motions. Whitehead explains the fundamental nature of -event-particles- as the quantum superposition, wherein each moment of change superimposes on the other a structure of simultaneous determining order.
“We can express the properties of this structure in terms of the ideal limits to routes of approximation, which I have termed event-particles.”
All these routes stemming from the single centre point are its potential future events, the potential future event constitutes part of the entities spatial structure. Einsteins special relativity deals with distinguishing space from time as much as possible but in doing so finding a place for their synthesis. However what happened with distinguishing time from space is a collection of facts about them with no basis to properly apply them to each other to show that both are the same factor of nature.
(Find where you talk about the externality of externality)
The most abundant physical substance in the universe is space because it is the self-external object, the object always outside itself, provides the necessary addition of a negative to determinations. (Alan Watts) for example when the distance between bodies increase, we are saying that the lack of thing, the nothing, between the objects is greater, but space is not the subject doing the action of increase between two bodies but rather is the object used by the two bodies increasing the distance between themselves.
The definition of space as the self-external entity is paradoxical because the moment space is external it becomes that which internally contains objects, the container of things. Space does not end where a solid begins, because a solid can be moved and shifted around in space without altering it in any way, and there is always space remaining at the two ends of the solid no matter its movement.
The three coordinates of space are length, breadth and depth remain fixed through which runs one coordinate of time. Space is where the object is not, is therefore where everything else is except the particular object, but where everything else is as a collective is in a state of indeterminacy, indiscernible as this or that object, is therefore not anywhere specifically.
space appears to be the external world from the perspective of a particular object in which it manoeuvres within. Space being the externality from the perspective within the object, from the perspective outside the object is what contains it. The rigidity between a self-externalization internally contained describes the relation between extension and duration. Extension is the external force derived from the internal energy of containing something. Whereas duration is the internal energy derived from the external force outside the object.
Whitehead explains the application of space and time as forming the structural relations of events:
“when we seek definitely to express the relations of events which arise from their spatio-temporal structure, we approximate to simplicity by progressively diminishing the extent (both temporal and spatial) of the events considered. For example, the event which is the life of the chunk of nature which is the Needle during one minute has to the life of nature within a passing barge during the same minute a very complex spatio-temporal relation. But suppose we progressively diminish the time considered to a second, to a hundredth of a second, to a thousandth of a second, and so on. As we pass along such a series we approximate to an ideal simplicity of structural relations of the pairs of events successively considered, which ideal we call the spatial relations of the Needle to the barge at some instant. Even these relations are too complicated for us, and we consider smaller and smaller bits of the Needle and of the barge.”
When the scale between two objects is restricted
The spatial relation between two objects is extension informed by duration. The extension-duration element allows objects to move, transition into each other etc. For example, one minute is a duration of a particular extension. if we break down a minute into seconds, hundredth of a second etc. The minute from the value of a millisecond has not yet happened to disclose the two objects and so is an ideal for a second, and this moment where the objects during a minute do not yet bear a relation, is a spatial position found somewhere where the objects are not, is some space between them, in them or around them. Simultaneously the space between two objects where the objects appear not to be discloses a multitude of other objects at an entirely different scale.
The scale of molecules which complies the objects at one moment in time take up a spatial position at a different moment in time. The spatial extension occupied by the molecules towards the objects it complies is not the same moments of time. In other words the moment of the molecules forming a macroscopic body is not the same moment of time occupied by the body formed by the molecule. the spatial extension is a duration having different moments of time. Molecules occupying a more minuscule infinitesimal spatial position is identical with occupying a corresponding amount of time different than the body occupying a more macroscopic spatial position . Say the molecules is the past of the objects occupied by them.
The moment in time during a duration when an event follows another is also the spatial extension wherein two objects relate to each other. During a second of that same minute, is a scale whereby the objects have not yet met , which constitutes altogether an entirely different event then the minute in which they do, an entirely different kinds of existing beings.
“Thus we finally reach the ideal of an event so restricted in its extension as to be without extension in space or extension in time. Such an event is a mere spatial point-flash of instantaneous duration. I call such an ideal event an ‘event-particle.’ You must not think of the world as ultimately built up of event-particles. That is to put the cart before the horse. The world we know is a continuous stream of occurrence which we can discriminate into finite events forming by their overlappings and containings of each other and separations a spatio-temporal structure. We can express the properties of this structure in terms of the ideal limits to routes of approximation, which I have termed event-particles. Accordingly event-particles are abstractions in their relations to the more concrete events. But then by this time you will have comprehended that you cannot analyse concrete nature without abstracting. Also I repeat, the abstractions of science are entities which are truly in nature, though they have no meaning in isolation from nature.” (172-173)
When the space between any two objects is restricted and confined in an infinite manner, there is no particular point which can be a reference point of a duration leading into another duration because if the extension between any two objects is arrived at as a measurable plane, we have the sequence of particular events unfolding in a duration. If the continuity is the infinite reduction of the spatial extension to a smaller and smaller point, then that infinite regression itself calcifies and becomes a constant, which at that point the only event is the duration itself as a point, not the points in a duration as the unique unfolding of events forming a duration, but rather the full duration disclosing the particular events concurring into each other occur simultaneously as itself a single point.
If there is no spatial extension is also a moment where there is no time as an object cannot pass or transition. The only point this can be is the total possible set of potential events
Light is the manifestation of this constant
The idea that a “spatial point -flash” is an instantaneous duration is a fact about the whole being prior to the parts in the context of a duration being the ideal for the particular events concurring from each other.
When we say that the whole duration is prior to the events does not mean that the occurrences of events is predetermined as a totality before they occur singly at a time. Rather what this means is that there is a single physical manifestation that forms a whole from which particular behaviour can be picked out as single point durations. In order for something to act it has to be an object that acts, and the actions of that object follow from what it is as an object for action, a duration. It acts exactly in the same way as what it is.
Micro-macro and observer-object relation (Doppler effect add) (Add to event -particle)
The contrast between observer and phenomena, or in the Ancient Greek metaphysics, thought and object, is a fundamental fixed relation of the universe. The contrast between Observer and object explains the relation between universal and particular both of which form magnitudes of the inter-dimensional substructure of spacetime. The macroscopic and microscopic magnitudes are the layers from which observer conceives object and object disclose observer. To explain it superficially for the purpose of simplicity, the macroscopic is everything outside the observer while the microscopic is everything inside the object, this constitutes internal and external relations, wherein the perspective outside the observer is the object containing the conception and the perspective within the object is the conception disclosing the object. When we go microscopically inside the object, we find the same infinity of factors as if we would of discover if we go macroscopically out of the universe.
The Micro-macro dimension is not an end extreme limit or the extent of magnitudes but rather their relation forms a central divide where the object has an outside an exterior disclosed by the observer, and the observer has an inside an internal contained by the object. If we enter microscopically into the object, we see molecules and ultimately atoms, these factors of nature are exactly the same as the macroscopic factors we call universes galaxies etc. except they are conceived inter-dimensionally, which altogether changes their size, mass, all quantitative properties except their form and motion which remains universal. For example, we find the form of the atom to be prevalent across orbital solar systems.
This complex difference is from where the object is conceived by the observer as opposed the object disclosing the observer. On the one hand the object discloses the conception as in the case for instance of a body containing life, when an object contains an observer we have a limit to the conception, because the observer is limited to what we know is the macro-scale, which is defined as the length on which objects are large enough to be visible, or which they exhibit a definite form from which the observer has a character. If we magnify a rock for example enough into its microscopic structure we loose the character of a rock and it becomes altogether a different kind of substance, a rock is simply mixture of minerals. As we progress infinitesimally into an object, we enter the microscopic scale which is a dimension
If we remove the factor of the object containing the conception and take alone the conception as disclosing the object, the object exhibits no relative measure to the conception as situated within another object and no matter the quantitative degrees like size, mass, etc. Any object fits within the frame of a pure conception. Atoms for examples are the biggest galaxies
Microscopic magnitude is particularly interesting because the infinitesimal progression is the diminishing as much as possible of the object containing the conception, which cannot be entering done away with but the ultimate diminishing of a matter for a pure conception is an ideal; while alternatively magnifying as much as possible the conception disclosing the object, which again can never fully be done but only as much as possible is an ideal.
When we speak of something as an ideal to which things approach, we are claiming no difference of an aim or an intent which initiates the reason for an activity. When we go outside the object, or rather away from it, as much as possible we are increasing the magnitude of the nature of natter generally, more and more object collect together to form the material substrate. The bigger the object is the more limited the conception of it is because the more the conception is contained by it, by more Means more variables disclosed within the general consensus of the substrate equals more limited of the observer to the unique conception of each variable phenomenon. For example, if your attention is already occupied with so many distinct factors it’s going to be less likely to focus on the addition of other factors. Inversely if we go inside each object the conception develops a focus on each variables that is among one of an infinity of factors. The more you go microscopically inside an object, the less and less of matter is disclosed and the more the conception is free from being limited to the object. By less in this sense I mean not amount, but that the nature of matter itself as a function becomes less relevant in its affect on the conception. In terms of colour for example the more white is added the more lighter colour becomes, becomes more faded. Microscopically matter becomes more faded, more abstract as it does not have a restive relation to another object from which it is conceived from.
Infinitesimal distance between objects
Each object consists of an abstraction of multivariate relation of other components. The explanation of this phenomena is found in the idea that there is always an infinitesimal distance, or rather difference between any two components within one components, it is this tripartite formation of two components together forming a separate third they are contained within that constitutes what we mean by impenetrability. The concept of impenetrability is itself the distinction between factors, the distinction cannot be distinguished. What we have as the inherent distance between any two things or within any object itself is the uncertainty.
(String theory the indeterminacy is the infinitesimally small packet of space where a factor is not yet determined as a particular kinda thing. From aqua run mechanics any two objects occupying any distance of space, either it be one centimetre or a mile, the distinction is an inherent uncertainty of a possibility to occurring within the scope of distance disclosing definite factors. For example, I could be standing right beside a friend shoulder to shoulder and a car can hit one of them and missing the other. We look at this example and say the one who did not get hit by a car was just out of distance by a few inches, yet we still maintain that they share the same time when the incident occurred, the accident happened at two o’clock. From a quantum standard however objects sharing the same distance within a certain space do not necessarily share the same time. The time of the person getting hit by the car and the person not hit are entirely different because the experience of getting hit by a car presupposed a wholly different set of proceeding events than the experience of not getting hit by the car. Getting hit by a car is for instance a possibility derived from the distance inherent within things which is described as a frame of uncertainty where any possibility can spring out as a reality and this distinguishes the time for a distinct object from another. What can happen to one component at one position of space is different from another occupying different position, and what happens to something is one measure of time. (Add here general measure of time. We just use a general measure of time disclosing a set of happenings, Add whitehead getting hit by car while someone drinking tea)
The basis for an objective measure is what is rationally disclosed by an observer. For example, someone viewing the city from an airplane, or from the ground will always see that a traffic jam consists of white light from the front and red light from the back of the car, no matter which side, the back and front of the car is determined in the inverse way from either side of view. If only one car is conceived then either the back or front is views from one given position. This means that the nature of possibilities as they take on a real firm necessarily requires that each possibility be a distinct object occupying a different position of space and different moment of time. And the point for this is that each factor occupying a different space and time from the other constitutes a a separate distinct conception that will be the same for both parts in a relation forming an objective sense of their whole conceived by the third they took to be separate from them to fully view them. The relation between two factors take on a third point view to conceive themselves through from. The observer therefore always becomes a medium from which an object is conceived from, the observer is therefore not an object but the determination of an object and is its life and activity, the form of an activity is its mind,
happen to the kind constitutes the life of a duration of an event that the body goes experiencing. The instant idea that occurs in the mind unfolds outwards into the actual conditions of the body to fully experience as a duration of an event. The mind conceives a set of ideas as possibilities for events, and they trickle out to be the experience of the body, and when that experience reaches an end, during its duration already a set of other possibilities unfolded to be the next coming events in the order.